Zeus et ses concurrents. Réflexions sur un phénomène d’olympianisation

Although he has been attested by the most ancient sources (Knossian Tablet of XVth BCE, Iliad…), Zeus, whom supremacy over human beings and gods is claimed, remains more or less disputed. Some texts let appear some rivals, who reveal a pantheon prior to Olympian Order. This paper will bring some afterthought about the so-called Olympianization process, which may have been made by Homerides and probably some editors of Iliad. Thus we will evoke the opening of the Iliad, which may have been dedicated to Apollo first, the Hymn to Demeter, in which the intrusion of Zeus and of the Olympian Order is well contested, the status of Poseido as a « new Kronos » subordinate to Zeus, who ensures the revanche of a prior Order and incarnates a principle the Rig Veda named Dyàus and Greek poetry Ouranos.