Life as a Greek Mercenary According to Xenophon’s Anabasis

Xenophon's Anabasis chronicles his experiences as a Greek mercenary leader in the 5th century BCE. It sheds light on the lives of mercenaries, their motivations, and the social and political climate of the era. Shaped by his upbringing and Athenian turmoil, Xenophon joined Cyrus' Persian army alongside his friend. The book explores the Persian political landscape, particularly the rivalry that sets the stage for Cyrus' failed attempt to overthrow his brother. The initial sections detail the gathering of the army, including deceived Greek mercenaries, and culminate in Cyrus' death. Beyond the plot, Xenophon details encounters revealing the importance of Greek gods and myths in soldiers' lives. He also explores the complex relationship between commanders and Cyrus, highlighting the challenges of leading a foreign army and the cultural clash between Greeks and Persians. The Greeks viewed themselves as culturally superior, a theme emphasized by their adherence to oaths compared to the "barbarians." This sense of superiority and the betrayal they faced justified their decision to break their oaths and prioritize survival…