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Drawing a parallel between Apollo and Telipinu as founders brings to light the numerous analogies between the foundation processes in ancient Greece and Anatolia. Such analogies, which can hardly be put down to a common Indo-European origin, lead us to wonder whether Anatolia did not play a prominent part in the building up of the Apollo-centered foundation process in ancient Greece.

 

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Drawing a parallel between Apollo and Telipinu as founders brings to light the numerous analogies between the foundation processes in ancient Greece and Anatolia. Such analogies, which can hardly be put down to a common Indo-European origin, lead us to wonder whether Anatolia did not play a prominent part in the building up of the Apollo-centered foundation process in ancient Greece.

 

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This contribution discusses the supposed Anatolian origin of the Minoan double axe suggested by many archaeologists and historians. The Cretan archaeological and iconographical evidence and the Anatolian one are firstly analysed. The confrontation of the results shows that the uses, the typology and the chronology are very different in the two countries. Consequently the paper concludes to the incompatibility of an Anatolian origin of the Minoan double axe.

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This paper is dealing with the problem of the interpretation of lunar splashes and phases of the moon, and their relationship with Egyptian myths and their complexity, in particular some Hermopolite beliefs. It gives an overview of the conception of the lunations and it  attempts to follow the speculation in the Egyptian thought, by virtue of which the Egyptians – basing themselves on the habits of this mammal, its aspects, the ancient beliefs on the reproduction cycle of this species – would have formally interpretated lunar splashes as forming the shape of an hare or a doe, a belief attested in many civilisations, on which are based many Oriental and Mediterranean legends. This paper shows the gradual change of the primordial Hermopolite goddess Unut, the doe-goddess, from the stage of her first occurence during the Old Kingdom to the one of the classical texts in which her alter ego, Nehemetauy, is considered as Isis Thesmophora or Hegemonis and Dikaiosunè, deities traditionnally associating moon, legislation and justice. Finally, the paper tries to shed a new light on the relationship between hare, cats and lions in mythological Egyptian texts.

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L’emploi dans le hittite ancien des particules du discours, comprenant les connectifs, est analysé. On propose que la narration orale de cette période, qui change peu l’ordre des mots et use peu de la subordination, néanmoins maintient un style vif et immédiat et exprime délicates juxtapositions, contrastes et liens logiques entre les phrases au moyen des particules.

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The treaty between the Hittite King Suppiluliuma (c. 1350-1319 B.C.) and Niqmadu, the king of Ugarit (Ras Shamra) has been preserved in several akkadian (syllabic cuneiform) tablets and one ugaritic (alphabetic cuneiform) version (RS 11.772+ = KTU 3.1). The ugaritic text raises several problems of interpretation and datation. A daring study has recently suggested that the all texts relating to the treaty refer to the begin of Suppiluliyama (II) at the end of 13th century B.C. It seems impossible and must be excluded. The first record of Ugarit’s passage from Egyptian sphere of influence to Hittite fold is surely connected to Suppiluliuma’s actions in Syria around 1340-1330 B.C. and not to the Suppiluliyama’s reign (c. 1210-1185 B.C.).

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Ten years ago, H. C. Melchert developed an interesting hypothesis about the fate of *y in Lydian: in certain environments, *y > d. In this paper, a new etymology for the Greek ethnic λυδος “Lydian” is proposed, which seems to corroborate Melcher’s theory: it could derive from the name of the Luvian country Lūya > *lūda → Greek λυδος.

 

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We meet the pattern of the double-headed eagle on many different supports and at different times. This article is relating only to the representation of the double-headed eagle on many scribe’s seals.When the datation of the seals is possible, they date back to the 14th-13th c. BC and have hurrians or luwians names. The double-headed eagle is represented in the peripheral field of the seal, in the lower part of the seal or enclosing a scene. In any case we cannot attribute a hieroglyphical value but just a decorative or symbolic value binded to the power or to the sun by the way of a stylisation suggesting the solar winged disc.

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The codex Sin. Gr. μ 109 recently discovered in Mount Sinaï contains 27 couples of moral sentences in iambic trimeters of the Carmen I,1,32 attributed to Gregory of Nazianzen. Those sentences are publiced and compared with the Benedictine edition of Patrologia Græca, 37, col.

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Les fouilles de la capitale hittite Hattuša ont livré de nombreuses tablettes rapportant des rituels de magie. On en présente ici un panorama.
La documentation a été répartie d’abord en fonction du destinataire des rites magiques (particuliers, communautés, etc. ), puis par typologie (rituels de contre-magie, en cas d’omen négatif ou de problèmes de nature sexuelle, en cas d’altération météorologique, etc.). Après en avoir exposé le contenu, on indique le schéma compositif que suivent ces textes, le lexique employé, ainsi que certains formulaires caractéristiques. Enfin, on décrit quelques procédures magiques parmi les plus fréquemment attestées dans cette documentation.

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La documentation hittite de contenu médical est extrêmement pauvre, à tel point que l’on a parfois mis en doute l’existence même d’une médecine hittite, ou bien l’on a souligné sa dépendance de la médecine mésopotamienne.
On présente ici ces documents tant du point de vue du contenu que de la forme. On les compare ensuite avec les textes médico-magiques, beaucoup plus abondants.
La médecine hittite se révélant principalement une phytothérapie, on donne en appendice une liste des plantes mentionnées dans les textes médicaux hittites.

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The Louvre block B58 comes from Gurna, not from Kom Ombo.

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In this study, M.-F. Baslez, who studies particularly the religious movements in Anatolia and in the East Mediterranean Sea during the Greco-roman period, presents a very interesting new approach for our knowledge of the Galli sacerdotes, the priests of the Phrygian Goddess Cybele whose principal sanctuary in Asia Minor was situated at Pessinonte.

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Some Cypriot coins have been found in hoards and isolated in Southern Asia minor. Others were overstruck or countermarked there. Cilician, Pamphylian and Lycian coins are also found in Cyprus. All of these coins are placed in their numismatic, geographical and historical context. The numismatic evidence shows that by far the greatest contact occurred during the first three decades of the IVth century BC, in particular the significant number of coins of Evagoras I of Salamis found in Cilicia. His military activity may explain this. During other times in the Achaemenid period, the few coins illustrate more normal contact between two neighbouring countries.

 

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Some cuneiform texts found in the palace archives of Hattuša (Boğazköy), the hittite capital, are the principal source of information for the history of the Aegean islands and western Asia Minor from 15th to 13th century BC. The question of the nature of Hittite involvement in Aegean area is one of the recurring problems arousing arduous debate about the Mycenaean-Hittite relations and the contacts between Hittite and Greeks towards Miletus (hittite Milawa(n)da), Aegean coast and islands (Lesbos/Lazpa ?). Although most of this study is obviously based on written sources, use is also made of the rich archaeological evidence about Mycenaean sites along the western coast of Anatolia and the nearest islands (Samos, Rhodes, Dodecanese).

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At the end of the late Bronze Age, Alashiya was characterized by a very mixed population: Mycenians, Hittites,  “people of the sea”, Syrians.
The different excavations carried on the island show a general state of prosperity, with international trade expansion. Relations were numerous particularly with Ugarit as shown by the finding of a lot of cypriot ceramics in this city and its harbour, a specific writing, the settlement of Alashiyan people in Ugarit, letters sent between the two courts. The documentation unearthed from the “Urtenu’s house” confirms these relationships. People from Alashiya worked in Ugarit, Cyprus shifted copper, Ugarit horses, oil and handicrafts. Both royal courts exchanged “presents” and pieces of information; it might even be possible that they had been bound by mariage.

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Dans l’article, l’auteur compare des types monétaires des ateliers de Metimna, Chios, Samos, Ialysos, Clazomènes, Siphnos et de l’île de Chypre avec ceux analogues de la Lycie : la documentation numismatique, à travers la transmission de modèles, témoigne de la présence de rapports entre les îles de la Méditerranée orientale et la Lycie. Cette documentation n’est cependant pas, toute seule, apte à clarifier la nature et l’intensité des pièces identiques.

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